์ด์ฃผ/์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] - ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ be, do, have ์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ can - could ์ฐจ์ด

์ฃผ์˜ ๐Ÿฑ 2024. 7. 24. 13:12
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๋ฐ˜์‘ํ˜•

์•ž์„œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 

  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ
์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•/์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ be can,

could
ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค

cannot have pp
~์ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. 
could have pp
~ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ

may
์•„๋งˆ~
~์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. 


์˜๋ฌธ/๋ถ€์ •/๊ฐ•์กฐ/๋Œ€๋™์‚ฌ do might
~ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

might have pp
~ํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

will

shall
~ํ• ๊นŒ์š”

would
~ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค
~๋ผ๋ฉด ํ• ํ…๋ฐ

์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ œ have must

must have pp
~ํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค. 

have to / should
~ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒํ•œ๋‹ค

should have pp
~ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค)

 

์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. 

์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ

- ์˜๋ฏธ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€์•Š์Œ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ณด์กฐ - do, be , have 

 

1. do 

์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ‰์„œ๋ฌธ์„ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

You study English - Do you study English?

 

๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

I do love you . ์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด

 

์ผ๋ฐ˜๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

I like your book!

You do?

 

2. be

์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•

be Ving : -ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค

 

์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ

be pp : -๋˜๋‹ค -์ง€๋‹ค -๋ฐ›๋‹ค

 

3. have

์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ œ๋ ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” havepp

 

์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ

can - could : ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ,ํ—ˆ๋ฝ,๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ

๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ• ๋•Œ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. 

1. ์˜๋ฏธ

[๋Šฅ๋ ฅ : -ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค]

I can speak English.

You can improve your English

 

[ํ—ˆ๋ฝ: - ํ•ด๋„๋œ๋‹ค]

Can I go to the bathroom?

 

[๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ -ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„์žˆ๋‹ค]

Bad things can happen

 

์ฃผ์˜ํ•  ์  

*๋ถ€ํƒํ• ๋•Œ : Can you close the door? + please ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. 

*cannot have pp (๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด) - cannnot๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ / ์†Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด '๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค 

She can't have done such a thing.

 

could+ ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜• 

1. ์˜๋ฏธ

[๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ - -ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค]

I could play the drums when I was a high school student

 

[์ถ”์ธก์„ ๋‹ด์•„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ : ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค]

Sorry, I couldn't go to the party tonight.

 

[์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ - -ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„๊นŒ์š”?]

Could you drive me home please?

 

I couldn't care less! ๋‚˜ ์™„์ „ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์—†์–ด

 

*could can์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒํ• ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. Sorry, I couldn't go to the party tonight.์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. 

 

*could have pp - -ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ 

I could've been your gf. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ

 

* couldn't have pp - ํ–ˆ์„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค/ํ• ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค

We couldn't have won without him. 

I couldn't have said it better myself.

๋‚œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜์—†์—ˆ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ ( ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ)

 

๋ณดํ†ต, ๊ธ์ •์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ + have pp : ํ›„ํšŒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ - -ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ , -์ผ ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ

๋ถ€์ • ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ + havepp : ํ˜„์‹ค ๋ถ€์ •  -์ผ๋ฆฌ ์—†์–ด,-ํ–ˆ์„๋ฆฌ ์—†์–ด 

 

 

๋ฐ˜์‘ํ˜•