์ด์ฃผ/์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ 32

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] - should not ๊ณผ shouldn't ์ฐจ์ด? couldn't์™€ could not ์ฐจ์ด?

์˜๋ฏธ/ ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹คYou should not call me "Dad" at work. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋น ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค (ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ)You shouldn't call me "Dad" at work. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋น ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ด ( ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง) You cannot quit the job right now.  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ผ (๋”ฑ ์ž˜๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง)You can't quit the job right now. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด์•ผ (ํƒ€์ด๋ฅด๋“ฏ์ด)

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ have pp ์˜๋ฏธ ์ •๋ฆฌ

could - ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ(๊ธ์ •), ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค(๋ถ€์ •)would- ~ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด , ํ›„ํšŒ(๊ธ์ •), ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(๋ถ€์ •, ์—†๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ)should ~ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•จ(๊ธ/๋ถ€) *could have pp - -ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐI could've been your gf. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ * couldn't have pp - ํ–ˆ์„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค/ํ• ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹คWe couldn't have won without him. I couldn't have said it better myself.๋‚œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜์—†์—ˆ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ ( ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ) *should have pp : -ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ (ํ•˜์ง€์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ) - ํ›„ํšŒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธYou should have seen ..

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] - ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ must , have to , should, had better

์˜๋ฌด/๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌด/์ถ”์ธก์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š”must> have to> shouldhad better  1. must๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด/์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด: ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ -ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก - ์ž„์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค. You must be joking,.You must not lose this medal *must have pp : -ํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค. It must have hurt , ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•„ํŒ ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š” * must๋Š” ์ง์„ค์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด should๋ฅผ ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.  2. have to ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด - ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. You have to brush your teeth morning and night * don;t have to -ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ..

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] - ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ will would shall , could - might - would

๋ฏธ๋ž˜, ์ œ์•ˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋“คshall์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ - ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•ˆ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. Let's eat, shall we?  ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค.  wouldwill์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •์ค‘ํžˆ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ์•„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ด๋‹ค.  1. ์˜๋ฏธ[will์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ณธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ : -ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค]She said she would come back before dark.[๊ณต์†ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ]Would you mind if I join you?[๊ณต์†ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ ํ‘œ์‹œ]I would like to spend time with you[ํŠน์ •์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ , -๋ผ๋ฉด -ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™๋‹ค]I would do the same. * would rather A than B : Bํ•  ๋ฐ”์—์•ผ ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ A ..

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] - ์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ may - might ์ฐจ์ด

์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•/์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœbecan,couldํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹คcannot have pp~์ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. could have pp~ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐmay์•„๋งˆ~~์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ/๋ถ€์ •/๊ฐ•์กฐ/๋Œ€๋™์‚ฌdomight~ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.might have pp~ํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.willshall~ํ• ๊นŒ์š”would~ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค~๋ผ๋ฉด ํ• ํ…๋ฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ œhavemustmust have pp~ํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค. have to / should~ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒํ•œ๋‹คshould have pp~ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค)์•ž์„œ can, could์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ดค๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” may , might์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค.  may๋Š” can ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค.  1...

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] - ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ be, do, have ์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ can - could ์ฐจ์ด

์•ž์„œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•/์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœbecan,couldํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹คcannot have pp~์ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. could have pp~ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐmay์•„๋งˆ~~์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ/๋ถ€์ •/๊ฐ•์กฐ/๋Œ€๋™์‚ฌdomight~ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.might have pp~ํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.willshall~ํ• ๊นŒ์š”would~ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค~๋ผ๋ฉด ํ• ํ…๋ฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ œhavemustmust have pp~ํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค. have to / should~ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒํ•œ๋‹คshould have pp~ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค) ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ- ์˜๋ฏธ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€์•Š์Œ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ณด์กฐ - do, ..

[์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ] ์˜์–ด์˜ 12์‹œ์ œ - ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‹œ์ œ will , be going to ,๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ

์˜์–ด์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด์ž๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜„์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋™์‚ฌ = ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€was/were, laughed, brought,,,would V / userd to V : ~ํ•˜๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ ~ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์ผ์ด ์ง€์†๋จ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผwill V / be going to V / be to V/ be about to V / shall V / be์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉVing์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉV - go / come / leave / depart / come / arrive / fly / travel / drive๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚จhad+pphave+pp + since,for,until,justwill have pp + by then...๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰~ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋˜ ..

[ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ] ์˜์–ด์˜ 12์‹œ์ œ - ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ œ

์˜์–ด์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด์ž๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜„์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋™์‚ฌ = ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€was/were, laughed, brought,,,would V / userd to V : ~ํ•˜๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ ~ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์ผ์ด ์ง€์†๋จ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผwill V / be going to V / be to V/ be about to V / shall V / be์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉVing์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉV - go / come / leave / depart / come / arrive / fly / travel / drive๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚จhad+pphave+pp + since,for,until,justwill have pp + by then...๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰~ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋˜ ..

[์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ] ์˜์–ด์˜ 12์‹œ์ œ - ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œ์ œ

์˜์–ด์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด์ž๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜„์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋™์‚ฌ = ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€was/were, laughed, brought,,,would V / userd to V : ~ํ•˜๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ ~ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์ผ์ด ์ง€์†๋จ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผwill V / be going to V / be to V/ be about to V / shall V / be์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉVing์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉV - go / come / leave / depart / come / arrive / fly / travel / drive๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚จhad+pphave+pp + since,for,until,justwill have pp + by then...๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰~ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋˜ ..

[์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ดˆ] ์˜์–ด์˜ 12์‹œ์ œ - ํ˜„์žฌ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œ์ œ

์˜์–ด์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด์ž๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜„์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋™์‚ฌ = ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€was/were, laughed, brought,,,would V / userd to V : ~ํ•˜๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ผ ~ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์ผ์ด ์ง€์†๋จ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผwill V / be going to V / be to V/ be about to V / shall V / be์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉVing์™•๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ฐฉV - go / come / leave / depart / come / arrive / fly / travel / drive๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋๋‚จhad+pphave+pp + since,for,until,justwill have pp + by then...๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง„ํ–‰~ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋˜ ..